Public Image Versus Private Self

Public Image Versus Private Self There are people who are double-faced and have two different characters – one for the public and other for close friends and for the time alone. Usually, these two faces are completely different and even opposite. Not only is such double life irritating for surrounding people, but it is also hard for the person as well. Too much energy is spent on sustaining two images, and if one of them will become known to the other group of people, the reputation will be greatly damaged and can hardly be renovated. As for me, I am absolutely sure that a person doesn’t have to strive to be someone else, as it is sure to make him miserable and spoil his life a lot. If you want to become alike some other person – you have to change yourself, but not your image. Of course, it is more difficult, but it is completely worth all the efforts and will pay off very soon. First of all, it is a great idea to draw a list of your traits of character, subdividing them into the ones you are proud of and the ones you want to get rid of. Then you should think over the ways to eliminate the negative features and make a plan of self-improvement. You should sum up the work successfully completed each month and edit the list according to new circumstances. It is a long, complicated, but very rewarding process, which you have to undergo if you want to achieve long-standing success. If you change only your public image, the result will be transient and fragile. I am sure that I will never have double life, as I am constantly working on my personality and I am proud of what I already am. And as for my surrounding – I always try to avoid the people who are double-faced, as it is hard to understand what they have on their mind.

Is Freudian Theory A Science - 900 Words

Is Freudian Theory a Science? There has been much debate and controversy over the work of Sigmund Freud for many reasons such as his ideas about human sexuality, his seemingly outrageous theories for his time period, and the success of his psychoanalytic method of therapy, but perhaps the most interesting issue with Freud’s work is the claim that it may not be scientific. This would first depend on your definition of the word science. According to sciencecouncil.org, â€Å"Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence†. If you go by this definition, then I believe that you could possibly make the argument that some of Freud’s theories and life work are scientific solely based on the fact that he applied knowledge and understanding of different mental unconscious functions based on evidence that he collected in case histories. He used these case histories, which are detailed documen ts of patients that he treated, to form hypotheses. But that doesn’t encompass all of Freudian theory. Take the topographical model for example. According to Freud’s early explanation, the human mind acts as an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg, the part is available for humans to think about and work with, is the conscious. This is then followed by the preconscious, which is things that you can introspect upon and remember. Then there is the ever so vast unconscious, which is notShow MoreRelatedIs Science And Pseudoscience?1744 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will argue that science and pseudoscience cannot be clearly demarcated: rather that there’s great difficulty and complication on the fringes when asserting strict criteria that distinguishes the two. I will give a brief overview and draw on the arguments made by philosophers of science throughout history and explain why perhaps their criteria are problematic. I will look in depth into ‘crea tion science’ and why we strongly consider this as pseudoscientific and analyse the more ambiguousRead MoreReaction Paper of Sigmund Freud1227 Words   |  5 Pagesthat it may be very difficult to envision several aspects of popular culture without a Freudian perspective. Moreover, while it has been said that if God did not exist it would have been necessary to invent him, the world in a similar manner would have had to invent Freud had he not existed. Sigmund Freud played an extraordinary role in the broadening and deepening of psychological analysis. In social sciences, the signs of his influence are instantly recognizable. In psychiatry, as everyone knowsRead MorePsychology As A Modern Science975 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology as a modern science. Psychology as a modern science explains the underlying functions that shape human attitudes and behavior. To the people who misunderstand this, the field of psychology is not a real science, but a pseudo-science instead. How to Think Straight About Psychology describes people’s several false impressions of psychology and it gives its readers a factual understanding of the field as a modern and scientific psychology while explaining how this science works. In chapter oneRead MoreReflection On Personality1341 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character† (google dictionary, 2017), just by reading this definition you can tell that personality is a complex system to fully understand. There are a number of tools or assessments from many theories and approaches that help better understanding personality, pulling apart its complexity. I have already given a lot of thought about who I am as a person, what traits do I have, what do I lack and what this says about the person I am. But takingRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1173 Words   |  5 PagesIn spite of his increasingly disparaged legacy in the field of science, Sigmund Freud is inarguably regarded as a watershed in the development of psychology. In observing his theories of psychosexual development, one might discern the earliest roots of modern developmental psychology. The nuances of such a lineage, howev er, can be found in a heated schism within the psychoanalytic community. From 1941-1944, two prominent neo-Freudians engaged in what came to be known as their â€Å"controversial discussions†Read MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly discussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego, and his theories about the Oedipus complex, hisRead MorePsychoanalytic Personality1151 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologists are Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. All have different theories, but some parts of their theories are similar. All theories have the same concept of how one self ca n identify their own personality. The information that will be given in the next paragraphs would show how old theories from the past can still be shown now in the twenty first century. To start off with Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalytical personality is known by three factors; Id, Ego, and SuperegoRead Moremodels and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.1106 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor form of ego defence, which is an idea which can be seen throughout other models, Freudian or not. The main aim of this model can be summarised as follows, (Winicott, 1958) â€Å"to re-experience repressed feelings and wishes, which have been frustrated in childhood†, ‘with a new ending’. It is through the Psychoanalysis approach that individuals such as Rogers and Wolpe emerged. Both were trained in Freudian techniques but went on to develop ideas in other models, for example, Rogers is accreditedRead MoreEssay on Why Is Freud Criticized?1143 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial theories in the history of psychology. He is also believed to be the father of modern psychiatry and psychology. H is works are read widely and are criticized as well. He has left behind numerous theories regarding human mind and behavior out of which some are commonly accepted and some are widely debated. The question after that arises now is â€Å"Why did Freud’s theories get many criticisms?† Freud was in his day an answer to many of society’s questions. As evolved and as the sciences evolvedRead MoreThe World Of The Roaring Twenties : A Decade Of Jazz And Gin, Invention And Discovery, And1182 Words   |  5 Pagesbasically became an undifferentiated mass of Epsilons. Along with Ford’s influences, it is apparent that renowned psychologist John B. Watson had significant influence on Huxley’s novel. John B. Watson devoted much of his life to founding behaviorism; a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Watson’s extensive studies can be summed up in his notorious statement, Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up

Bubonic Plague Free Essays

I. Thesis Statement:The symptoms of the bubonic plague spread rapidly causing outbreaks and identifying the need for modern science to deal with epidemics. II. We will write a custom essay sample on Bubonic Plague or any similar topic only for you Order Now Topic Sentence: The bubonic plague or otherwise known as the black plague spread extremely fast and there were many symptoms of the disease. A. There are many initial symptoms and symptoms before death of the black plague. â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres 1. Many initial symptoms were swollen lymph nodes, delirium, high fever, sore throat, cough, constipation, and shortness of breath. The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres 2. The symptoms before death are seizures, vomiting, chills, malaise, abdominal pain, weakness, and red spots that turn black. â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres B. The plague was spread by both humans and animals. â€Å"The Black Plague† The Middle Ages. 1998, Oxford New York. Ox ford University Press (Hanawalt 128) 1. The plague was spread in a pneumonic form that was passed from person to person by sneezing, coughing, or talking. The Black Plague† The Middle Ages. 1998, Oxford New York. Oxford University Press (Hanawalt 128). 2. An infected rat would be bitten be a household tick that would later bite a human who would then pass it on in the pneumonic form. III. Topic Sentence: In the fourteenth century there were very few ways to control the outbreaks. A. When the plague began the ships that went to the black sea to trade with Chinese merchants were the first Europeans to get the black sea. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 http://www. themiddleages. net/life/blackdeath. html. Culatta, Richard 1. China was one of the world’s busiest nations and it was a matter of years before Europe and the rest of Asia caught it. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 http://www. themiddleages. net/life/blackdeath. html. Culatta, Richard 2. When the European merchants docked in Italy the crew was already dying of the plague within a few days the plague spread throughout the countryside. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 http://www. themiddleages. net/life/blackdeath. html. Culatta, Richard B. In the fourteen century people did not know how to deal with outbreaks. . When a person became infected with the Bubonic Plague the doctors tried aromatic woods, special diets, courses of bleeding, new postures for sleeping, and the rich had medicines made from gold and pearls, they fled, or prayed. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 http://www. themiddleages. net/life/blackdeath. html. Culatta, Richar d 2. Families of the sick rejected them or took them to the nuns and friars who tried to care for the sick but soon they too got sick. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 http://www. themiddleages. net/life/blackdeath. html. Culatta, Richard IV. Topic Sentence: Today scientists have new treatments and tests to deal with outbreaks of the plague. A. There are several new ways to deal with infected people. 1. When a person is diagnosed with being infected the hospital puts them in an isolation chamber and they burn all their clothes and belongings. â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres 2. Then they consult an infectious disease specialist who decides what to do with the infected individual. The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres B. The tests that they perform are extensive and grueling on the patient in isolation. â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres 1. They perform a chest radiograph, antibody titer, and an F1 antigen diagnostic test. à ¢â‚¬Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres 2. The doctors also perform an empiric antibiotic coverage, crystalloid administration, and nemodynamic monitoring. â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. http://www. emedicine. com/emerg/topic428. htm , Velendzas, Demetres V. The Bubonic Plague is a still ongoing problem that has many symptoms and on going outbreaks and the need for science is still needed. Works Cited â€Å"The Bubonic Plague† E medicine. 24 December 2004. , Velendzas, Demetres Culatta, Richard. â€Å"The Black Death: Bubonic Plague† The Middle Ages. 2006 . â€Å"The Black Plague† The Middle Ages. 1998, Oxford New York. Oxford University Press (Hanawalt 128). How to cite Bubonic Plague, Papers

Social Networking on Facebook free essay sample

Social Networking on Facebook Arlene Pascual MIS Facebook (FB) is one of the latest trends in social networking (Facebook. com). Facebook (FB) is one of the most popular social networking sites among college students. FB started out as a site designed for and available to students at Harvard University to help them get acquainted with other students living in the dorms. But, it is now a public site. FB has become the number one choice of communication with college students, ranking higher than phone and email. FB attracts many students because it provides a place where students can have space of their own to express themselves and communicate freely with peers. This site provides an easy way for students to build their social networks, show the world who they are, make new friends and keep up with old friends. Facebook is not just a tool for only college students anymore. In September 2006, FB went public. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking on Facebook or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before then, only people with an . edu email address could access the site. Now anyone with a valid email can become a registered user of the popular social networking site. In addition, Computer Mediated Communication is communication that occurs via computer technology. CMC includes participating in chat room discussions, instant messaging, email, virtual teams, virtual communities, and voice activated messaging. CMC is also an excellent way to participate in social networking. Social networking is an important part of everyday life that assists people in planning and cultivating business, social contacts, and personal relationships. CMC is often preferred over face to face communication because it is convenient, easy, fast and highly effective in many situations. Newspapers, news magazines, and television news have highlighted the dangers of Facebook and other social networking sites such as MySpace, such as online predators, dangers of revealing personal information on profiles, and the posting of obscene or illegal activities. Yet the positive aspects of social networking on the internet make these sites so appealing to millions of users. Given the widespread of FB use among college students, the main goal of this study is to explore how students are social networking on Facebook. The following research questions are as follows: 1: How are students setting up their Facebook accounts? 2: How much time are students spending on Facebook? 3: How are students using Facebook? and 4: What kinds of negative experiences have students encountered on Facebook? Despite the negative press surrounding social networking sites, this study revealed that students are using Facebook for positive and appropriate networking. Everyone at their university can view their profiles, which allows more connections and interactions. Students also reported that their profiles were accurate representations of themselves. Since students tend to allow everyone to see their profile information, telling lies about themselves can be obvious. However, some students reported that their profiles only â€Å"somewhat accurately† represent them. Students may think that they are able to stretch the truth about certain areas of their lives. Although data were not gathered about what parts of students’ profiles are less accurate than others, this paper guessed that misrepresentations are most likely to occur in the â€Å"About Me† section. In this section, students write about anything they like, from their favorite things to how they view themselves. In many ways, the â€Å"about me† section is similar to a personal ad whereby students attempt to portray themselves in the most positive light possible. In addition, most students are not much concerned about privacy and they accept new friends request who they don’t know because that is the reason they join FB: to meet new friends. Majority of the respondents spent about 10 minutes a day. The most common uses of FB were sending messages to friends and viewing photos. Students want to keep in touch and get to know others better. On the other hand, one clear finding of this study is that students do not use FB for overt romantic relationship development. Students do not want their dating attempts to be public. Students also did not use FB to advertise academic or social events or to recruit for their organizations. Overall, negative experiences on FB were relatively few and far between given the frequency and variety of student use. In case of â€Å"stalker issue†, although FB is now open to the public, the default (and loosest) privacy setting enables student profiles to be viewed only by people at their own universities. Therefore, students must â€Å"confirm† that others outside their universities are their â€Å"friends† before people can view their profiles. These kinds of privacy safeguards might aid in keeping away stalkers. Concepts from two theoretical frameworks appear to be useful applications for explaining social networking on Facebook. First, Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) posits that people do not like uncertainty in initial encounters and therefore attempt to reduce that uncertainty through verbal and nonverbal communication in these initial face-to-face meetings. Students on FB definitely attempted to reduce uncertainty with strangers (e. g. other students in their classes, residence halls, sororities, and clubs) through direct messaging on FB and through indirect means such as observing others’ profiles on FB (networks, pictures, and wall posts). Relational Maintenance (RM) provides insight into the strategies that established relational partners use to maintain their relationships. RM can help enhance an existing relationship, repair a conflictual one, or maintain a relationship at its current level of engagement and satisfaction. Relational maintenance was prevalent on Facebook. Sending messages, updating profiles, and uploading pictures helped students feel connected with friends from high school and college. The RM strategies of positivity, self-disclosure, and assurances were all easily accomplished through FB and students perceived FB to be maintaining their relationships in important ways. FB can also foster closeness among users by sharing pictures that make events more personal and immediate.

Smooth Sailing free essay sample

Sometimes life can go very wrong in the very blink of an eye; if you’re not prepared for life’s twist and turns, you can find yourself in a position that has a life or death consequence. In 2009, for my Dad’s 50th birthday, we trailered our sailboat up to a cabin in Lake George, NY for a two week vacation. The cabin had a magnificent view of the mountains, and truly captured the beauty of the lake. Every day, we went out sailing on our boat, the C-dog. It was a beautiful, serene summer day, a perfect day for a sail when my family and I set out to have an adventure on Lake George. We pulled away from the dock and proceeded to raise sail, allowing our sail to billow in the breeze. As our sail began to catch the wind, we turned to tack, and we were off to the start of yet another lovely sail, or so we thought†¦ As we stuck our feet in the cool waters of Lake George, the waves gently lapped our toes, which provided relief from the scorching heat of the sun. We will write a custom essay sample on Smooth Sailing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was the perfect way to spend an afternoon. Little did we know what drastic events were about to befall us. We were talking and laughing when suddenly, my Father became very quiet and said â€Å"listen to that†. We didn’t hear a thing, and we certainly didn’t know enough about severe weather changes to register any potential danger. Then, we heard it. It was a hissing sound, and almost instantaneously, it got louder. Puzzled but not yet overly concerned, we looked towards the stern of the boat wondering where the sound could be coming from. Then all of a sudden, I quickly turned my head, and all I could see was a massive wall of rain coming straight towards us. It didn’t immediately connect until I looked up. The sky had become an angry, ominous gray that was now a clear threat to my family. Just as the fear finally began to register, the fierce winds and rain were upon us. Our sail boat was pitching back and forth furiously against the waves. The torre ntial downpour had caught us unaware, at an alarmingly fast rate. At first, I was in complete shock. What happened to our leisurely and idyllic sail on the tranquil waters of Lake George? But there was no time to be stuck in my stupor. My father quickly starting barking orders out- â€Å"We need to drop sail! Throw the bags down in the cabin! Watch out for that boom! Turn the engine on! Turn into the wind! Move! Move! Move!†. My family sprang into action, lashing down the sail and trying to desperately escape the path of the storm that was headed straight towards us. My father started the motor and, thankfully it roared to life. I was at the helm of the boat as the chaos ensued, frantically trying to turn us around. â€Å"Coming about!† I screamed over the wind, as the rain poured over us, the waves were pounding us relentlessly side to side. Within minutes, we were heading back to our dock. Luckily for us, the storm vanished as quickly as it appeared. We were all shaken and soaked, as we had never experienced such a dramatic change in weather conditions. When I reached the dock, I remember recalling the first times that I was ever on a sailboat, and being terrified beyond belief. We were heeling and I was certain that we would capsize and sink. I remembered how terrified I was, and how I longed for nothing more than to get off the boat in one piece. I realize now how sailing is a true art form. Over the years that my family and I have been sailing, I have become empowered by knowledge. The more I understood about the mechanics of a sailboat and its relationship to the wind, the less afraid I became about sailing. Over time, I have become more capable and confident of my sailing skills. Sailing has taught me many life lessons. I have learned how vital it is for everyone on the boat to work cooperatively and cohesively as a team, and how it can make the difference between a life or death situation. You need to be able to depend on people, and they need to know that they can depend on you. Life can be very risky, but you must be prepar ed with the knowledge to safely navigate through the darkest storms. If you spend all your time avoiding risks, you could be missing the best part of your life.

The Cost of Alcoholism on Society

The Cost of Alcoholism on Society Free Online Research Papers Excessive alcohol consumption is an age-old human problem, and costs society an enormous amount of money every year. The first critique this learner would like to expand on is treatment. Treatments consist of different attempts to control the availability of alcohol. Since alcoholism is a disease, then individuals should seek medical treatment. Alcohol alone was the primary substance of abuse for almost 21.5% of all treatment admissions in the United States in 2005 (Inaba and Cohen, 2007). The average age of those with alcohol only as their problem was 39 compared with 35 who were admitted for alcohol and a secondary drug problem (Inaba and Cohen, 2007). The formation of Alcohol Anonymous (AA) in 1935 can now be seen as an important milestone in treatment (Ray and Ksir, 1999). This group supports abstinence as their goal. Everyone agrees that AA has been helpful for many people and, because it has reached more individuals than any other approach, has undoubtedly helped more people t han any other method (Ray and Ksir, 1999). However, AA was developed by and for people who have made a decision to stop drinking and who want to affiliate with others who have made that same decision, and it may not be the best approach for individuals who are forced to attend meetings by court order or jail. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent, and rates of drinking and AUDs are increasing (U.S. Department of Human Services, 2001). In all age groups, the prevalence of AUDs is higher among men than women, but the rates for women are considerable, with 4%–9.8% of younger women (below 44 years of age) meeting criteria for diagnosis. Psychological and medical correlates of AUDs differ for women and men. In treatment samples, as many as 65% of women with AUDs meet lifetime criteria for another psychiatric disorder (Mann, Hintz, and Jung, 2004). Women with AUDs also have higher rates of medical problems (Smith and Wisner, 2000) and an accelerated rate of development of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, cognitive and somatic deficits develop more rapidly in heavy-drinking women than their male counterparts (Diehl et al., 2007). Death rates among women with AUDs are estimated to be 50%–100% higher than those of men with AUDs (Smith and Weisner, 2000). Despite the greater negative consequences of drinking, women are less likely during their lifetime to seek treatment for an AUD (23% of men with alcohol dependence vs. 15.1% of women (Dawson. 1996). Outcome research on treatments for AUDs reflects the lower prevalence of women in treatment. A recent review of treatment outcome studies found that women constituted only 15.7% of study samples in published studies (Swearingen, Moyer, and Finney, 2002). In general, the low numbers of women in alcohol treatment outcome studies have made it difficult to draw firm conclusions about effective treatments for women, and few studies have examined sex-segregated treatment. In one of the only randomized clinical trials evaluating sex-segregated versus mixed sex treatment for women with AUDs, outcomes were more positive for the women-only treatment approach (Dahlgren and Willander, 1989; Haver, Dahlgren, and Willander, 2001). Intimate relationships may play a more significant role in womens than mens reasons for drinking and for relapse. Women with AUDs are more likely than men to drink in response to negative emotions or conflicts with others, and they are less likely to drink in response to pleasant emotions or positive social situations (Annis and Graham, 1995). After treatment, women are more likely to relapse with either a romantic partner (Connors, Maisto, and Zywiak, 1998) or a friend; men are more likely to relapse when alone (Rubin, Stout, and Longabaugh, 1996). Secondly, social effects of alcohol cause many problems. The college years have traditionally been associated with alcohol use, and in 1994 the proportion of â€Å"drinkers† was indeed about 10 percent higher among 18- to 22 year old college students than among the general population of that age (e.g., about 70 percent of college students reported drinking in that past month, compared with about 61 percent of all 18-25 year olds in the NIDA household survey) (Ray and Ksir, 1999). Drinking alcohol can have profound effects on human social behavior, some of which constitute major problems for our society. The National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (1970), for example, found that â€Å"no other psychoactive substance is associated with violent crimes, suicide, and automobile accidents more than alcohol† (p. 641). Intoxicated offenders commit as much as 60% of the murders in the United States and comparably high proportions of other violent crimes such as rape, robbery, assault, domestic violence, and child abuse (Pernanen, 1976). Yet the positive effects of drinking are also well known; alcohol is used regularly to encourage friendly social interaction, self-disclosure, affection, and so on. It is surprising then, that despite the prevalence and importance of these effects, so little is known about how they occur. Recently, progress has been made in research that shows that mere expectations about how alcohol makes us behave can mediate social drinking effects. That is, â€Å"drunkenness† can result from the self-fulfillment of drinking expectancies, or from the use of alcohol as an â€Å"excuse† for inappropriate or antisocial behavior. Drinking expectancies, independent of actual alcohol consumption, have been shown to increase binge drinking (Marlatt, Demming, and Reid, 1973), aggression (Lang, Goeckner, Adsso, and Marlatt, 1975).), and time spent viewing sexual photographic slides (Lang, Searles, Lauerman, and Adesso, 1980). Recently, progress has been made in research that shows that mere expectations about how alcohol makes us behave can mediate social drinking effects. That is, â€Å"drunkenness† can result from the self-fulfillment of drinking expectancies, or from the use of alcohol as an â€Å"excuse† for inappropriate or antisocial behavior. The idea is t hat alcohol releases people from their inhibition, largely because the inhibitions represent concerns about what might happen, whereas the intoxicated individual focuses on the immediate irritant or the person who needs help right now. Alcohol should generally weaken response inhibition. Once a response is instigated, its inhibition requires further information processing: Negative consequences of the response must be conceptualized, standards of conduct must be accessed and evaluated in relation to the response, and potentially inhibiting cues (again, both external and internal) must be perceived and their inhibitory significance understood (McCrady and Epstei, 2009). Alcohol’s damage to perception, however, makes it harder for one to notice peripheral inhibiting cues. Attention was focused in the early 1980s on the large number of traffic fatalities involving alcohol. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many of those fatalities are alcohol related, but we can obtain so me relevant information because some states mandate that the coroner measure blood alcohol in all fatally accidents. Single vehicle fatalities are more likely to involve alcohol than multiple vehicle fatalities in which the fatally injured person was driving the striking vehicle (Ray and Ksir, 1999). Another social effect is crime and violence. Pernanem (1976) used these facts to explain alcohol’s well-known relation to violent behavior. He argued that interacting parties who are impaired by alcohol are less likely to see justifications for the others behavior, are thus more likely to interpret the behavior as arbitrary and provocative, and then, having less access to inhibiting cues and behavioral standards, are more likely to react extremely (Steele and Southwick, 1985). These are all effects that cause the interaction to escalate toward physical violence. He further noted that depending on the response that is situationally instigated, alcohol’s impairment of information processing can increase back-slapping friendliness as well as belligerence (Steele and Southwick, 1985). Alcoho l should make a social response more extreme when, if one were sober, the response here would be under strong inhibitory conflict- that is, pressured by strong and more or less equal instigating and inhibiting stimuli. Alcohol’s damage to inhibition allows instigatory pressures more influence on the response, making it more extreme (Steele and Southwick, 1985). For example, by blocking thoughts of negative consequences, alcohol makes it easier for our delinquent to throw the brick. In contrast, alcohol’s damage to inhibition should have little effect on response extremeness under weak inhibitory conflict. Alcohol use and homicides are well known to police and the judicial systems. Based on several studies of police and court records, the proportion of murderers who had been drinking before the crime range from 36 percent in Baltimore to 70 percent in Sweden (Ray and Ksir, 1999). Homicides are more likely to occur in situations in which drinking also occurs, but that al so leaves the question as whether alcohol plays a causal role in homicides. Treatment and social effects have been associated with alcohol from the beginning of time. Those clients who have jobs, stable family relationships, minimal psychopathology, no history of past treatment failures and minimal involvement with other drugs tend to do better than those with no jobs, no meaningful relationships, and so on. Although many alcoholics relapse after treatment, not all do, and treatment programs are statistically effective. Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems vary widely among different cultures and in different regions of the United States. Alcohol use is associated with thousands of traffic fatalities and has been correlated with homicide, assault, family violence, and suicide. References Annis, H. M., Graham, J. M. (1995). Profile types on the Inventory of Drinking Situations: Implications for relapse prevention counseling. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 9(3), 176–182. . Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. Connors, G. J., Maisto, S. A., Zywiak, W. H. (1998). Male and female alcoholics attributions regarding onset and termination of relapses and the maintenance of abstinence. Journal of Substance Abuse, 10, 27–42. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. Dahlgren, L., Willander, A. (1989). Are special treatment facilities for female alcoholics needed? A controlled 2-year study from a specialized female unit (EWA) versus a mixed male/female treatment facility. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 13, 499–504. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. Dawson, D. A. (1996). Gender differences in the probability of alcohol treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 8, 211–225. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Diehl, A., Croissant, B., Batra, A., Mundle, G., Nakovics, H., Mann, K. (2007). Alcoholism in women: Is it different in onset and outcome compared to men? European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257, 344–351. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Haver, B., Dahlgren, L., Willander, A. (2001). A 2-year follow-up of 120 Swedish female alcoholics treated early in their drinking career: Prediction of drinking outcome. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 1586–1593. . Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Inada, D. Cohen, W. (2007). Uppers Downers All Arounders: Physical and Mental Effects of Psychoactive Drugs. (6th ed.). Medford, Oregon: CNS Publications, Inc. Lang, A. R., Goeckner, D. J., Adesso, V. J., Marlatt, G. H. (1975). Effects of alcohol on aggression in male social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 508–518. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Lang, A. R., Searles, J., Lauerman, R., Adesso, V. (1980). Expectancy, alcohol, and sex guilt as determinants of interest in and reaction to sexual stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 644–653. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Mann, K., Hintz, T., Jung, M. (2004). Does psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent patients affect treatment outcome? European Archives of Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 254(3), 172–181. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Marlatt, G. A., Demming, B., Reid, J. B. (1973). Loss of control drinking in alcoholics: An experimental analogue. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 233–241. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. McCrady, B and Epstein, E. (2009). Randomized Trial of Individual and Couple Behavioral Alcohol Treatment for Women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 77(2), Apr 2009. pp. 243-256. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. (1970). Crimes of violence. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. Pernanen, K. (1976). Alcohol and crimes of violence. In R.Kissin H.Begleiter (Eds.), The biology of alcoholism, Vol. 4: Social aspects of alcoholism (pp. 351–444). New York: Plenum. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Ray, O. Ksir, C. (1999). Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior. (8th ed). McGraw-Hill. Rubin, A., Stout, R. L., Longabaugh, R. (1996). Gender differences in relapse situations. Addiction, 91(Suppl. 1), S111–S120. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. Steele, C. and Southwick, L. Alcohol and Social Behavior I: The Psychology of Drunken Excess, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 48(1) pp.18-34. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. Swearingen, C. E., Moyer, A., Finney, J. W. (2002). Alcoholism treatment outcomes studies, 1970–1998: An expanded look at the nature of the research. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 415–436. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 26, 2009. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). 10th special report to the U.S. Congress on alcohol and health from the Secretary of Health and Human Services (2000). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES on May 24, 2009. . Research Papers on The Cost of Alcoholism on SocietyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Fifth HorsemanThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of PsychodynamicArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Effects of Using Onion and Garlic as House Rat Pesticides Essay

Effects of Using Onion and Garlic as House Rat Pesticides - Essay Example The lachrymatory factor together with its color also contributes to its flavor. On the contrary, Onions do not provide only flavor but it promotes health through the nutrients that we can get from it - the phytochemical. Aside from that, it contains acrid which stimulates our tear glands and our mucous membranes causing us to produce tears or makes us cry. Other compounds that we can get from onions are sulfur and quercetin. These two compounds are considered as an anti-oxidants. Recent studies shown that these two compounds help to neutralize all free radicals in our body and protect our cell membranes from any damage. There are some studies conducted in Japan wherein they used onion as feeds for some rats. Rats shown delay in aging process. So it is therefore considered that onion is an effective anti-oxidant for our cells. The compound quercetin helps to eliminate free radicals in our body, it also helps to protect and regenerate our damaged cell membranes. Apart from onions, apples and tea are good source of quercetin. This compound is said to have anti-oxidants that is twice of what we can get from tea and even in apples but we can get little contents from white onions compare with yellow and red onions. As previously discussed, the pungent smell of onion is due to thiollyl or alliins co

Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; Essay

Financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; - Essay Example Some accountants contend that Bank Overdraft should be treated as a long-term liability since that arrangement with the bank is is almost permanent (so long as the enterprise is a going concern). On the other hand, some accountants that contend that Bank Overdraft should be treated as a current liability since this facility may be withdrawn by the bank at any time. As a conservative measure of short-term financial position, Bank Overdraft has been considered as a current liability in the current instance. The current ratios of both the firms are nearly same but when compared to that of Primax both of them are well below the desired level. However, there could be firms that have low current ratios but work efficiently as is the case in fast food industry. This is so because current ratio does not analyze the quality of current assets which might contain obsolete stocks or slow paying and doubtful debtors. In the current instance it is observed that while Alpha has cash worth 43, Beta does not have any cash balances. Hence, though current ratio of Alpha is lesser than Beta, from a broader perspective, between the two; Alpha is in a better position than Beta (C. C. D. Consultants Inc. 2009). Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Stock)/(Current Liabilities) Quick Ratio of Primax = (3399-1102)/1098 = 2.09 Quick Ratio of Alpha = (525-306)/745 = 0.29 Quick Ratio of Beta = (636-224)/853 = 0.48 If we consider Primax’s quick ratio as a benchmark, both these firms fall woefully short of that, but of the two, Beta seems to be in a better position provided of course its trade receivables are all good without any possibility of bad debts or slow recovery. Solvency Ratios Solvency Ratios evaluate long-term capability of a business... One of the most popular tools of identifying financial strengths and weaknesses of an enterprise is through Accounting Ratio that could be used by a financial analyst to qualitatively evaluate the financial status and level of performance of an organization. This project analyses in detail financial strengths and weaknesses of Primax, Alpha and Beta; three firms engaged in manufacturing furniture. While Primax among them is most financially sound the other two firms are not doing that well financially. Any business consists of a series of interrelated processes that operate in tandem to produce the final output that the consumer wants. Kaplan and Norton have identified certain groups or bundle of activities that should be considered as independent units for the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of the entire business process. These independent units are: operations management, customer management, innovations, regulatory compliance and social responsibility in that order of import ance. Efficiency of a business enterprise in each of these sectors should be independently measured and the overall efficiency of the business enterprise would be calculated as a weighted average of these independent measures. Unless an enterprise can satisfy its customers it cannot exist. The best way to do it is to identify the most profitable group of customers and focus marketing efforts in wooing this group. However, the costs of such an exercise should never exceed the tangible benefits obtained from it.

News Release Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Release - Assignment Example According to Ross, the report showed a disturbing behavior of some members of the team. Nevertheless, he is pleased with the affirmation of Coach Joe Philbin’s commitment to sportsmanlike conduct among team members. â€Å"We are committed to a positive workplace environment where everyone treats each other with respect. We have reviewed our Code of Conduct and workplace policies and are making enhancements to the areas of sports psychology, human resources and player engagement functions which serve as safe outlets for any player or employee.† The issue of bullying as alleged by Jonathan Martin against offensive line members Richie Incognito, John Jerry and Mike Pouncey brings to light this matter. The organization does not take these accusations lightly and is committed to the formation of a Code of Conduct that will enable the organization to move forward and foster a harmonious relationship that will hopefully apply not only to the Dolphins but to sports as a whole. Ross reiterates, â€Å"I have made it clear to everyone within our organization that this situation must never happen again. We are committed to address this issue forcefully and to take a leadership role in establishing a standard that will be a benchmark in all of sports.† Miami Dolphins will host a press conference at 2 p.m. on June 6, 2014, at the Sun Life Stadium where Mr. Stephen Ross will be available together with Coach Joe Philbin for questions. Requests for media credentials to attend the news conference should be directed to Your Name at

Psychology for Social Work Practice

Psychology for Social Work Practice Child development is the process of human growth and changes from birth through adolescence (Smith et al 2005). It is the study of how children develop perception, thought processes, emotional reactions and patterns of social behaviour (Mussein, 1990). Observation is a vital tool in analysing and understanding child development and holds key implication of effectiveness of social work practice in recent year (McKinnon 2008). The aim of this report is to analyse my observation of a two years three month old girl. My interpretation of the behaviour observed will be analysed critically using psychological theories with detail of the steps carried out in other to gain consent for the observation. Furthermore, the skills required for my observation will be described, in relation to my future practice, and some relevant psychological theories; stages of human development will be discussed including their relevance. Finally I will reflect on my learning and how it applies to social work as a profession. Child and Family Confidentiality Prior to the observation being conducted, I familiarized myself with the General Social Care Council (GSCC) (2002) Code of Practice to enable me to carry out the observation in a professional way. The child chosen for observation is my colleagues friends daughter, at the preliminary stage, I requested if I could observe her child for my coursework. My observers mother informed me she would discuss the issue with her husband and get back to me. A few days later, I was invited to meet both parents and was able to explain the aim of my assignment. Having explained my aim, I assured them that confidentiality will be maintained; their daughters identity will not be disclosed. I reassured the couple that their privacy will be respected and the daughters wellbeing will be paramount throughout. Consequently, I was given a verbal consent by both parents with approved signatures on the letter of agreement. Child Details As stated above, for anonymity, the childs name will not be mentioned, but will be referred to as Child A for the purpose of confidentiality as stated in GSCC 2002 section (2). Child A is a two years, three month old female. The observation took place at Child As family residence; she is the second child of the family, the only female, lives with her parents and her older brother of which the family composition is middle class, the aim of the observation is to observe Child As behaviour and also to learn how different behaviours relate to different theories. Skills required for structured observation Planning, respect, communication, working as partnership, reflection, listening and being focused are necessary skills required in carrying out structured observation. In Childs A selection process, I established a relationship of collaborative/partnership work between myself and Child As parents, listening to Child A communication with her family during observation has given me the insight of the importance of attentive listening through structured observation (CDWC 2007a: 7-8). The need to be focused by looking closely at Child A and not deviating from my aim has made me to understand how child learns and develop (HNCRC 2007). I also use reflective skills for child observation, as it enables me to reflect on what I have seen and provide accurate record of child behaviour (Wood et al 2005). Psychological theories and their relevance to social work practice Psychologists have defined behaviour in terms of bodily processes and social psychology defines it in terms of peoples interactions. For example Skinner (1953) believes that behaviour modification is based on operant conditioning and it is a way of assisting someone to change their unacceptable behaviour by offering a reward or punishment. From my observation in (Appendix week1), Child A, cries whenever she needs any item from Child B, she is aware of the attention gained whenever she cries and this will result in her getting what she wants. However, this behaviour could have negative consequences as well. Skinner will relate Child As behaviour as an operant conditioning, as Child A continues to cry for her older brothers toys, having known that her behaviour leads to a particular consequences. She behaves this way as she receives attention from her brother by always getting back the toys she wanted, which is reinforcement with reward, a behaviourist perspective. On the other hand, the study of behaviour by Bandura (1977) a Social perspective would disagree with Skinner, as Skinner would say that Child As behaviour is observational based on learning imitation. Child A may have seen someone at her school or a social gathering displaying such behaviour and so copies the same behaviour. Bandura (1971) suggested that learning moral rules by the individual is not in response to their exposure to punishment or reward, but by observing the behaviour of other people (Nicolson et al 2006: 23).This relates to Child As behaviour in (Appendix week1) and shows how the end result may not be as significant as the behaviourist perspective would have believed. As a professional social worker, working with people from different backgrounds it is important to have knowledge of psychological theories as its a vital tool that can be used to understand and interpret behaviour in social work practice. Also social workers need to have a wide knowledge of different cultures and be sure when they are applying psychological perspectives they have an objective mind taking into account individual differences such as ethical, cultural and religious. Stages of human development and its relevance to social work practice. The study of human development is the progressive behavioural changes in an individual from birth. Psychologists have identified the changes that occur at a similar age for most children, from research and evidence, these changes are dependent to some extent on maturation, although certain environmental factors must be present for development to take place and so its difficult to decide whether the appearance of a new ability is simply due to learning or maturation (Woods 2000:5). For instance, Jean Piaget (1932) cited in Wood (2000) proposes that children think differently from adults, their knowledge is structured differently and shows their understanding developed in the following stages: First stage is the Sensory Motor Stage (Birth to 18 months) At this first stage the child watches moving object, reach out towards it and is able to grab the object, the child will put the object in the mouth and try to explore it by biting and smelling. Second stage is Pre-Operational Stage (18 months- 7 years old) During this stage the language are developed using words and expression, which enable the child to talk about things and express ideas. Third stage is Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) The child is able to centre more logical thinking and able to understand that it is possible for there to be two different view of the same thing at the same time and able to decentre. While the final stage is Formal Operational Stage (11 years and older) The child can manipulate ideas in its head, for example being able to calculate by thinking through imagining the impossible sequence. From cognitive perspective, Piaget also believed that the environment can affect childs development but, argued that it will not prevent a child from skipping the cognitive development stage. However, he would have interpreted Child As behaviour, as due to the fact that she is in the pre-operational stage and she demonstrates this behaviour by using ability and memory. Her thinking is in a non-logical manner as she suddenly cries for her mothers attention in other to get what she wants (Woods 2000:227-231). Relevance to social work practice The relevance of this observation to social work practise is that the use of theories would help to understand individuals behaviour. As a result social workers need to acquire skills and knowledge to enable them to understand the reason why a particular event occurs. To achieve this, social workers need to be aware of sensitive issues around them (Thompson 2005). However this observation process increased my understanding of Child A; as a very happy chid, to appreciate her skills and unique qualities and to come into her world and see things from her perspective (Faulkner, 1995). This has become so relevant, as the failing of professionals in the Laming Report (2003) highlights; which emphasises the need for professionals to move the focus away from the parents and back to the child (Copper, 2005). Reflect on my experience In reflecting on my role on child observation, I have learnt how to focus my attention and reflect on it afterwards, trying to make my presence less obvious. It is good practice to avoid assumption and being non-judgemental is vital. Each individual is different and their needs must be tailored to individual requirements. I now understand that self-reflection is a continuous process during observation, which is to reflect on what I am doing and reflect on my reaction and interpretation of what took place by thinking, writing and recording report. Payne (1997) defines reflection as to imagine alternative ways to understand situations using observation. In addition, looking into different theories and perspectives has given me the insight into how they can be applied to practice. Children also need to be encouraged to join in to activities that they may not be interested in, taking into account their reasons for not interacting. I have also learnt that children use gesture to express what they want to say if they are not in the mood to speak. This is of an interest to me as I want to work with children with special needs who are not able to communicate through speaking and use their behaviour as a way of communicating instead. As such this assignment has made me feel a little more confident in approaching people. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learnt greatly through observation and reading. I have realised that working from ones own personal perspective can be oppressive and it is better to use different perspectives in dealing with individuals. I have also gained knowledge on behaviourism and how it can be used to relate to childrens behaviour which is relevant to social work practice and not to have general assumption about children as there are individual differences. I have also acquired good knowledge and understanding of child development. REFERENCES Bandura A (1971) Social Learning Theory General Learning Press Childrens Workforce Development Council (CDWC 2007) (online) accessed on 25/11/2010 at http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk accessed on 09/12/10 Copper A (2005) Surface and Depth in the Victoria Climbe Inquiry Report Child and Family Social Work 10 1-9 Faulkner D (1995) Play Self and the Social World In Barnes P (ed) Personal Social and Emotional Development of Children General Social Care Council (2002) (online) accessed on 26/11/2010 at http://www.socialworkconnections.org.uk/content.php?id=47 HNCRC (2007) The early years Foundation Stage: Effective Practice Observation Assessment and Planning Laming Report (2003) (online) accessed on 10/11/2010 at http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_110711.pdf McKinnon F (2008) Child Observation and Professional Practice In Ruch G (ed) Post-Qualifying Child Care Social Work Developing Reflective Practice Sage Mussein P (1990) (7th ed) Child Development Harper and Row publishers Nicolson P Bayner R and Owen J (2006) (3rd ed) Applied Psychology for Social Workers Payne M (1997) (2nd ed) Modern Social Work Theory Macmillan Skinner B F (1953) Science and Human Behaviour Macmillan Smith P C H and Blades M (2005) Understanding Children Development (4th ed) Blackwell Publishers Thompson N (2005) Understanding Social Work Preparing for Practice Palgrave Macmillan Woods B (2000) Basics in Psychology Hodder Stoughton Wood M Taylor J (2005) Early Childhood Studies: An Holistic Introduction Hodder Arnold

Dreaming of Home Essay -- Personal Narrative Descriptive Dreams Essays

Dreaming of Home Everyday, after waking up, I realized that I had been dreaming about home again. I lay staring at the ceiling for a moment or two. Then, dragging myself from the bed, I walked to the window and threw open the curtains. The wide open space of the New Mexico high desert stared back blankly at me. The cobalt blue skies, peach colored Sandia Mountains and endless waves of sagebrush and juniper stood in stark contrast to my dreamscape. For the past eight years, my first view of the day was this one. But today was different. Today, I was going home. I grew up in Dublin in the 1970s. To understand how that shaped the person I am today, you have to understand something about Ireland at that time. It has been said by someone a lot more insightful, and perhaps more cynical than me, that the 1960s didn't reach Ireland until about 1975. So I grew up in a time of great change, where the old social norms were being challenged and cast aside. Of course, in my growing years, I didn't always understand this. I viewed Dublin through the eyes of a child. I led a fairly sheltered existence, the eldest of seven children. My parents were country people and had moved here after the birth of my first sibling, Paul. My father worked in the construction industry and construction jobs were much more plentiful here than in the backwaters of Wicklow where he was born and bred. My mother was from the West, born in County Clare and was the daughter of a farm laborer. Her father, Patrick Murray, had moved where the work was too, and had ended up settling and eventually retiring in Wicklow. This was where my parents met and where I had come into being. Our days in Dublin were regularly punctuated by trips to the country to visit my gr... ... We were old friends and lovers, learning that what it was to know one another again and tentatively finding our way back into each others lives. I still love Dublin, but I realize now that I love it despite itself and not because of itself. I think, perhaps, that is how it's always been. And a strange thing happened. I awoke one morning to find myself back in my bedroom, back in New Mexico. My wife lay sleeping beside me, lost in her own dreams. The house was quiet. I walked once more to the window and opened those curtains. The room was immediately filled with warm, brilliant sunlight. The sky was that same fantastic shade of blue and the Sandia Mountains glistened as ever in the early morning light. I gazed out across the waves of sagebrush and juniper and realized I had not dreamed of home. Looking back to where my wife lay sleeping, I realized I was home.

Shallow Foundation

Shallow foundations Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than the width of the footing and less than 3m. These are not strict rules, but merely guidelines: basically, if surface loading or other surface conditions will affect the bearing capacity of a foundation it is ‘shallow'. Shallow foundations (sometimes called ‘spread footings') include pads (‘isolated footings'), strip footings and rafts.Shallows foundations are used when surface soils are sufficiently strong and stiff to support the imposed loads; they are generally unsuitable in weak or highly compressible soils, such as poorly-compacted fill, peat, recent lacustrine and alluvial deposits, etc. Pad foundations Pad foundations are used to support an individual point load such as that due to a structural column. They may be circular, square or reactangular. They usually consist of a block or slab of uniform thickness, but th ey may be stepped or haunched if they are required to spread the load from a heavy column.Pad foundations are usually shallow, but deep pad foundations can also be used. Strip foundations Strip foundations are used to support a line of loads, either due to a load-bearing wall, or if a line of columns need supporting where column positions are so close that individual pad foundations would be inappropriate. The main area of strip foundation are buildings with heavy walls (brick, concrete, stone), and heavy floor slabs. Strip foundation is located on the perimeter exterior walls, and placed under the supporting inner walls of buildings or other areas with increased load.Also strip foundation is well-suited for homes, which is planned to create basement, garage or basement. Strip foundation is also suitable in the case of a possible slight deformation of the base. Typically, strip footing located below the level of soil freezing at 20 cm of sandy soil You can lay the strip foundation a nd higher levels of freezing, but not more than 60 cm from ground level. For deep-freezing and highly swelling soils usually strip foundation shall not apply. Process itself strip foundation construction is simple, on the other hand it requires a fairly high cost of materials and work on the construction of the foundation.There are criteria for the minimum thickness of the foundation, which can be used building a house. Thus, the minimum thickness of reinforced concrete strip foundation – 10 cm of concrete – 25 cm, rubble concrete foundation – 35 cm, well and laying of natural stone – 50 cm in the construction of strip foundation to be also take into account the permissible load on the soil under the foundation. For clay soils at a depth of 80 cm load should not exceed 2 kg/cm2. In addition to pouring the foundation concrete mixtures, often strip foundations erected using ready-made foundation blocks or bricks.This speeds up the process of building a foun dation. It should also be noted that during the construction of strip foundation is an opportunity to save money raising the foundation to the full depth only during the construction of heavy structures. There is still the most reliable option strip foundation remains solid foundation, more time-consuming and requires prior creating formwork and reinforcement training design to increase strength strip foundation. And in this case, the valves must be connected to each other by welding. Raft foundationsRaft foundations are used to spread the load from a structure over a large area, normally the entire area of the structure. They are used when column loads or other structural loads are close together and individual pad foundations would interact. A raft foundation normally consists of a concrete slab which extends over the entire loaded area. It may be stiffened by ribs or beams incorporated into the foundation. Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential settlements a s the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions.They are often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads over a larger area. Deep foundations * Piles Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this is usually at depths >3 m below finished ground level. They include piles, piers and caissons or compensated foundations using deep basements and also deep pad or strip foundations. Deep foundations can be used to transfer the loading to a deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are present near the surface.Piles are relatively long, slender members that transmit foundation loads through soil strata of low bearing capacity to deeper soil or rock strata having a high bearing capacity. They are used when for economic, constructional or soil condition considerations it is desirable to transmit lo ads to strata beyond the practical reach of shallow foundations. In addition to supporting structures, piles are also used to anchor structures against uplift forces and to assist structures in resisting lateral and overturning forces.Piers are foundations for carrying a heavy structural load which is constructed insitu in a deep excavation. Caissons are a form of deep foundation which are constructed above ground level, then sunk to the required level by excavating or dredging material from within the caisson. Compensated foundations are deep foundations in which the relief of stress due to excavation is approximately balanced by the applied stress due to the foundation. The net stress applied is therefore very small. A compensated foundation normally comprises a deep basement. Types of pilePiles are often used because adequate bearing capacity can not be found at shallow enough depths to support the structural loads. It is important to understand that piles get support from both e nd bearing and skin friction. The proportion of carrying capacity generated by either end bearing or skin friction depends on the soil conditions. Piles can be used to support various different types of structural loads. End bearing piles End bearing piles are those which terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material such as rock or very dense sand and gravel.They derive most of their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile. Friction piles Friction piles obtain a greater part of their carrying capacity by skin friction or adhesion. This tends to occur when piles do not reach an impenetrable stratum but are driven for some distance into a penetrable soil. Their carrying capacity is derived partly from end bearing and partly from skin friction between the embedded surface of the soil and the surrounding soil.

7 Strategies for Women Who Want to be the Boss at Work

7 Strategies for Women Who Want to be the Boss at Work Even today, there are some unspoken double standards for women and men in the workplace. Sure, we’ve (hopefully) moved on from the worst of the Mad Men style of blatant sexism in the office, and these days you can find women working alongside men at all levels of an industry. Still, stereotypes and differences linger in every field, every industry, every job. So what can you do, as a professional woman, to help get through this minefield of professional issues and excel at work? 1. Dress the part.This is definitely one of those double standard gray areas. Do you let yourself dress casually (or even on the slouchy side) like some of your male colleagues might do, to show that you’re their equal? Or do you lean into the idea that women should be dressing more nicely at work? It’s a valid debate, but whenever a work dress code is up for discussion, always err on the side of dressing up a notch or two. But unfairly or not, women are often held to a higher standard- a nd the more professionally you dress, the more professional you seem.If you work in an office where jeans and sneakers are the unofficial uniform, you don’t need to bust out your fanciest pantsuit. A jacket or blazer over your jeans can bump up the professional factor in a super-cazh office, or that same blazer over crisp, tailored pants in a business-casual environment works as well. Always on the â€Å"don’t even think about it† list: low-cut anything, tops that show more skin than they cover, short skirts, and flamboyant jewelry or accessories. Wearing these things can distract attention from how well you’re doing your job, and give people a reason to take you less-than-seriously.2. Don’t let others undercut your authority.If you have direct reports or are in a position of authority, make sure people treat you accordingly. I’ve been in situations where clients would automatically start talking past me to my boss or to male colleagues in t he room, when I was actually the one responsible for making day-to-day decisions and getting things done on the client’s behalf. If you can feel someone eroding your authority (and they may not even realize they’re doing it), firmly remind them of your role. Make sure that people understand what you’re bringing to the table: â€Å"As Chip’s supervisor, I’ll be the one making sure our team reports the sales.† â€Å"In my experience as a ________, I can see what the challenges will be here.†You’ve worked hard to get to your role, and you deserve to be acknowledged for it.3. Be assertive (but not overly aggressive).In a perfect world, my advice would be â€Å"go for it, lady! Show them what’s what, in no uncertain terms!† In this imperfect world, however, women perceived as aggressive bosses or colleagues can quickly find themselves tagged as â€Å"witches† (or the similar word we all know), â€Å"ballbusters ,† and the like. This can be just as damaging to workplace respect and progress than being a pushover. It’s totally unfair, because everyone has their own personal style, and some people are just aggressive- but these perceptions are a fact of professional life, at least for now. So how does one find that place where one is upfront about what one wants but isn’t perceived as some kind of monster? Where is that sweet spot of straightforward respect and authority?Essentially, the best way to get there is saying what you want, but being careful about how it’s phrased. Making blunt demands, or giving feedback like â€Å"that’s wrong† is likely to turn off your audience, male or female. This is where stellar communication skills come in handy. Use a tone that’s non-confrontational, so that the other person isn’t automatically feeling defensive and ready to mutiny. And even when you disagree, try to find some common element that you c an use as an olive branch before explaining what you want to do differently: â€Å"I see what you’re saying, and although I do agree that we need to raise revenue, I see it a little differently.†One strategy is to ask questions instead of diving in with statements. That way, you can be part of starting a dialogue instead of something that can be perceived as an â€Å"attack.† Asking clarification questions like â€Å"where do you see this going?† or â€Å"how does this impact our goals?† opens up a communication line with the other speaker, and will give you an opportunity to say what you want to express as part of the back-and-forth.4. Don’t be afraid to speak up.When I was younger, I was told things like â€Å"never disagree with your boss in public.† And now that I’ve been around longer, I think that’s true- to an extent. I’d modify it to, â€Å"if you disagree, do it respectfully- and pick your moments.† One of the biggest challenges facing many professional women (especially younger ones) is the idea that they should hang back and let more senior people hash things out. And while I don’t recommend inserting yourself into every single debate in every single meeting just for the sake of being heard, remember that you’re in the room for a reason. If you disagree with something being discussed, don’t be afraid to say so- but again, always phrase it as respectfully and diplomatically as possible.And again, pick your moment. If your boss is giving a presentation in front of bigwigs, and you see that she’s wrong about something, don’t throw her under the bus in front of everyone, or give a loud and long dissent in the meeting. If you’re directly asked about your opinion, give it carefully. Or talk about it offline with your boss later. Your opinion is valuable, and your insights can earn you respect and acknowledgment if they’re expressed well.5. Don’t let people talk over you.We’ve all been there: you’re talking about something work-related, and a colleague (often older and male) breaks in and, in a dismissive tone, gives an opinion about why you’re wrong, without letting you finish the thought. Unless you’ve been filibustering the floor with a long monologue, this is poor form on the interruptor’s part. And no one likes this kind of bullying tactic. So how do you handle in the moment? Politely interrupt them back, and ask to finish your point, or try to turn it into a dialogue instead of a lecture.6. Advocate for yourself.This is, hands-down, one of the best things you can do to get respect at work. Knowing what you want, and how to ask for it, is a skill that will serve every professional (male or female) well throughout a career. Being able to negotiate is a key leadership skill, and one every woman should have at the ready as a professional. Asking for what you want is a great first step, but you also need to know how to navigate what comes next: an offer, a counteroffer, and when to agree or walk away.7. Know when to fold ‘em.If you’re in a work situation where you try all these strategies and you’re still not getting the level of professional respect you deserve, then it could very well be time to walk away. You’re not obligated to stay in a role where you are defined and treated according to stale old perceptions about what women are and should be, so if you find that you’re spending more time counteracting stereotypes than actually doing your job, it could be time to get out. There’s no shame in wanting to find a better environment for your skills and personality. And with your brushed-up negotiation skills, your next opportunity could be right around the corner.Every professional deserves respect: male, female, young, old, green, experienced. Stepping up to request and take that respect, however, can b e a big challenge. We still have a long way to go before everyone in the workplace is completely equal (even in the most gender-balanced fields and the most supportive companies, decades-old perceptions tend to die hard), but in the meantime, we hope you never stop striving to get everything you can out of your career.

Natufian Period - Hunter-Gatherer Ancestors of the PPN

Natufian Period - Hunter-Gatherer Ancestors of the PPN The Natufian culture is the name given to the sedentary Late Epi-Paleolithic hunter-gatherers living in the Levant region of the near east between about 12,500 and 10,200 years ago. The Natufians foraged for food such as emmer wheat, barley, and almonds, and hunted gazelle, deer, cattle, horse, and wild boar. The direct descendants of the Natufian (known as the pre-pottery Neolithic or PPN) were among the earliest farmers on the planet. Natufian Communities For at least part of the year, Natufian people lived in communities, some quite large, of semi-subterranean houses. These semi-circular one-room structures were excavated partly into the soil and built of stone, wood and perhaps brush roofs. The largest Natufian communities (called base camps) found to date include Jericho, Ain Mallaha, and Wadi Hammeh 27. Smaller, short-range dry season foraging camps may have been part of the settlement pattern, although evidence for them is scarce. The Natufians located their settlements at the boundaries between coastal plains and hill country, to maximize their access to a wide variety of food. They buried their dead in cemeteries, with grave goods including stone bowls and dentalium shell. Some Natufian groups were seasonally mobile, while some sites show evidence of multiple-season occupation, along with long-term reoccupation, long-distance travel, and exchange. Nastasic / Getty Images Natufian Artifacts Artifacts found at Natufian sites include grinding stones, which were used to process seeds, dried meats, and fish for planned meals and to process ochre for likely ritual practices. Flint and bone tools and dentalium shell ornaments are also part of Natufian cultural material. Over 1,000 pierced marine shells have been recovered from Epipaleolithic sites in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea region. Specific tools such as stone sickles created for harvesting various crops are also a hallmark of Natufian assemblages. Large middens (organic rubbish dumps) are known at Natufian sites, located where they were created (rather than recycled and placed in secondary refuse pits). Dealing with refuse is one defining characteristics of the descendants of the Natufians, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Grains and Beer Making in the Natufian Some fairly rare evidence suggests that that the Natufian people may have cultivated barley and wheat. The line between horticulture (tending wild stands of crops) and agriculture (planting new specific stands) is a fuzzy one and difficult to discern in the archaeological record. Most scholars believe that moving to agriculture was not a one-time decision, but rather a series of experiments that may well have taken place during the Natufian or other hunter-gatherer subsistence regimes. Researchers Hayden et al. (2013) compiled circumstantial evidence that the Natufians brewed beer and used it in the context of feasting. They argue that production of beverages from fermented barley, wheat, and/or rye may well have been an impetus for early agriculture, for assuring that a ready source of barley was available. Getty Images / Getty Images Natufian Archaeological Sites Natufian sites are located in the Fertile Crescent region of western Asia. Some of the important ones include: Israel: Mt. Carmel, Ain Mallaha (Eynan), Hayonim Cave, Nahal Oren, Rosh Zin, Rosh Horesha, Skhul Cave, Hilazon Tachtit, Kebara Cave, Raqefet CaveJordan: Wadi Hammeh, Wadi Judayid, Kharaneh IV, Jilat 6Syria: Abu HureyraPalestine: JerichoTurkey: Gobekli Tepe Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to the Origins of Agriculture, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology Bar-Yosef O. 2008. ASIA, WEST: Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 865-875. Grosman L, and Munro ND. 2016. A Natufian Ritual Event. Current Anthropology 57(3):311-331. Grosman L, Munro ND, and Belfer-Cohen A. 2008. A 12,000-year-old burial from the southern Levant (Israel) – A case for early Shamanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(46):17665–17669. Hayden, Brian. What Was Brewing in the Natufian? An Archaeological Assessment of Brewing Technology in the Epipaleolithic. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Neil Canuel, Jennifer Shanse, Volume 20, Issue 1, SpringerLink, January 31, 2012. Hayden BD. 2008. AGRICULTURE: Social Consequences. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 123-131. Lengyel G, Nadel D, and Bocquentin F. 2013. The Natufian at Raqefet Cave. In: Bar-Yosef O, and Valla FR, editors. Natufian Foragers in the Levant: Terminal Pleistocene Social Changes in Western Asia. Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Monographs in Prehistory. p 478-504. Maher LA, Richter T, Macdonald D, Jones MD, Martin L, and Stock JT. 2012. Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Huts at a Hunter-Gatherer Settlement in Eastern Jordan. PLoS ONE 7(2):e31447. Maher LA, Richter T, and Stock JT. 2012. The Pre-Natufian Epipaleolithic: Long-term Behavioral Trends in the Levant. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 21(2):69-81. Maher LA, Stock JT, Finney S, Heywood JJN, Miracle PT, and Banning EB. 2011. A Unique Human-Fox Burial from a Pre-Natufian Cemetery in the Levant (Jordan). PLoS ONE 6(1):e15815. March RJ. 2013. Searching fro the functions of fire structures in Eynan (Mallaha) and their formation processes: a Geochemical approach. In: Bar-Yosef O, and Valla FR, editors. Natufian Foragers in the Levant: Terminal Pleistocene Social Changes in Western Asia. Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Monographs in Prehistory. p 227-283. Nadel D, Danin A, Power RC, Rosen AM, Bocquentin F, Tsatskin A, Rosenberg D, Yeshurun R, Weissbrod L, Rebollo NR et al. 2013. Earliest floral grave lining from 13,700–11,700-y-old Natufian burials at Raqefet Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(29):11774-11778. Rosen AM, and Rivera-Collazo I. 2012. Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(10):3640-3645. Yeshurun R, Bar-Oz G, Kaufman D, and Weinstein-Evron M. 2013. Domestic refuse maintenance in the Natufian: Faunal evidence from el-Wad terrace, Mount Carmel. In: Bar-Yosef O, and Valla FR, editors. Natufian Foragers in the Levant: Terminal Pleistocene Social Changes in Western Asia. Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Monographs in Prehistory. p 118-138. Yeshurun R, Bar-Oz G, Kaufman D, and Weinstein-Evron M. 2014. Purpose, permanence, and perception of 14,000-year-old architecture: Contextual taphony of food refuse. Current Anthropology 55(5):591-618. Yeshurun R, Bar-Oz G, and Nadel D. 2013. The social role of food in the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 32(4):511-526.

Agrarian Domains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Agrarian Domains - Essay Example The legal system and police encouraged segregation. However, beyond the legal system, there was often a potential risk by the terrorist aggression. The Ku Klux Klan, Knights of White Camellia, and other fanatics assassinated thousands of blacks and several whites to stop them from voting and taking part in public life (Stonaker & Shepard, 12). Execution was one of the major ways of violence. Between the year 1884 and 1900, white gangs assassinated approximately 2,000 blacks in the south. The gangs also burned them alive, shot them or even beat them to death. The perpetrators also executed blacks for any defilement of the southern rules and regulations (16). The southern states approved laws in the middle of 1800’s that obliged different accommodations for blacks and whites in schools. They also approved laws for different public transportation systems, courts, libraries, and cemeteries. Additionally, they also approved that no black man would be put in a similar insane shelter with the white man in every southern state. Popularly, all the above laws were collectively referred to as Jim Crow laws (Schultz & Tishler, 5). The first step towards the fight for elimination of legal segregation occurred when colored people, factions of African Americans and some European activists collaborated to fight segregation of trains in New Orleans. In 1905, W.E.B. Dubois led a number of Black activists at a meeting convened in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada to plan tactics for elimination racial segregation and advocate for racial equality. In the year 1909, this meeting by black activists became the Niagara Movement, which led to the formation of National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). This association concerted its efforts to fight for the rights of colored people and challenging racial segregation in courts (Stonaker & Shepard,

Social Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Science - Essay Example And because the economic effects differ for different regions, so do fertility and mortality rates. For developed countries, mortality rates are lower and life expectancy is higher and vice versa for the developing countries. But in any case, the global population is increasing at a high acceleration rate. The United States, under the burden of providing for a rapidly-aging, non productive elderly population, also has to deal with high rates of immigrants. The standard life cycle model yields a straightforward prediction that as a large chunk of the population comprises of aging people, national savings fall. As a result to this, investment suffers negative blows in the long run. With overseas population settling in the United States, withdrawals from the economy are promised. However, with the increase in the number of immigrants settling in the Unites States, there is also likely to be an increase in the investments in the short-run and an increased work force. It also makes the Un ited States a multi-cultural society, its population comprising of people from different races and nations. While the United States stands with certain challenges at hand with the growing, diverse population, it is justified to say that they will be able to cope with the current and projected demographic changes if policymakers accelerate their efforts to address these problems.

Staying Put by Scott Russell Sanders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Staying Put by Scott Russell Sanders - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that in terms of the perspective of theologians and religious experts, the concept of God is the center of the universe and talks about enlightenment like a zen master once said indirectly that the personal level of consciousness is the best place for enlightenment or to be the center of own universe of understanding. Awareness is the first important point to make directions toward a good future as people throughout centuries had dealt with difficult circumstances to study and create varying fields of studies to make solid patterns and knowledge on how to direct towards a better future for the entire humanity. Divergence in the specializations in knowledge reflect varying paths and mongrel realities like in the United States wherein culture, religions, beliefs, races and ideas mix in varying proportions. In relation to the dilemma of the future path of the world, it cannot be denied that there are three things that are const ant: everything changes, everything has basis and everything is interconnected. Everything changes can mean that life is dynamic while having basis means everything happens for a reason. On the other hand, everything is interconnected shows the concept of unity which most religions teach to their faithful. The downside on the current trend of the world is that people are heading toward different directions and many are caught in the complexities that cause confusion as seen in ecology.

Distribution Channel of Banas Dairy Essay Example for Free

Distribution Channel of Banas Dairy Essay The present study is conducted in the Banas Dairy sales area Genesis of Banas Dairy Late ShriGalbhabhai Patel established Banas Dairy with the dream of uplifting socio economic status of village farmers. This dream was fulfilled through the creation of a co-operative milk union for Banaskantha district, on the footprint of â€Å"Amul Dairy† of Kaira district, the ideal model of a Co-operative. Consequently eight village level co-operative milk societies in Vadgam and Palanpur taluk Ire registered and started collecting and pouring milk at DudhSagar Dairy, Mehsana from 3rd October 1966. The milk union got registered under Co-operative act on 31st January 1969 as Banaskantha District Co-operative milk producers’ Union Limited, popularly known as Banas Dairy. The foundation stone was laid by Late Galbabhai Nanjibhai Patel on 14th January 1971 at 122 acres land acquired near Jagana village in order to set up a dairy plant under the operation flood program launched by national Dairy development Board. On 7th May 1971’ the dairy started functioning at the same place with a capacity of 1. 5 lakh liters of milk per day. This has now been increased to 24. 3 lakh liters per day. The dairy has three automated plants with a wide 8-9 product lines. The small dream of Shri Galbabhai has now taken the shape of a co-operative of 1350 societies with around 15000 members. With the relentless efforts of dedicated and committed leadership, the dairy has won the trust of milk producers of Banaskantha district and has brought about a happy change in the lives of all its members. It has come up as a major revolution in the upliftment of the residents of the district. Mission and Vision Banas District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Ltd. was established with the prime objective of eliminating the monopoly of private traders and providing the poor farmers the due that they deserve. Along with this it also ensures that the farmers are benefited the maximum out of their operations and activities. The mission of the organization is to provide sustainable means of livelihood to socio-economically downtrodden rural mass, while treading on the path of progress. The organization renews its vision every ten years. It strives to be a successful world class co-operative dairy. The objectives of the organization are clearly expressed through the quality policy, which states that: â€Å"I, the Banas Dairy, commit and aspire to fulfil the needs and expectations of our internal as Ill as external customers and delight them through our quality products and services. I shall achieve the goal through the followings: a). Applying principles of Quality Management Systems and Food Safety Management for continuous enrichment of our management processes. ). Providing remunerating returns, quality input services, introducing innovative and appropriate schemes and services to our milk producers. c). Motivating and providing and encouraging appropriate training for skill up-gradation of our employees. d). Protecting our value system and the environment by judicious use of all natural resources. † India is an agri- oriented country of the world. 70% people are living in rural area so I can say Indian peo ple are living in village the majority of population. The dream of late Galbabhai Patel, founder chairman and the selfless sage to uplift socio- economical status of village farmers came true after creation of a co- operative milk union for banaskantha district, on the foot print of â€Å"Amul Dairy†of kaira presently Anand) district on the model of true co operative milk societies in Vadgam and palanpur taluzka of district Ire registered and started collecting and pouring milk at Dudh Sagar dairy, Mahesana from 10th march 1969.

The Self Reflective Essay English Language Essay

The Self Reflective Essay English Language Essay Writing of an essay starts with a pre-writing process whereby the writer identifies appropriate invention strategies for his/her essay. This requires evaluation of invention techniques in order to use the ones that convey the objective of the essay to targeted audience. A good essay should have good flow of ideas that are well coordinated to keep the audience reading. It is important to peer review and critique an essay from a different writer as this enables one to critique his/her first draft of essay and make necessary corrections during essay revision. This self reflective essay addresses challenges faced while writing an essay and reflectively proposes solutions to such challenges. Self Reflective Essay In writing my essay, the pre- writing strategies that I used were brainstorming, cubing and classical invention. Brainstorming enabled me to break up a block in my thinking and come up with the right ideas concerning essay topic. I started by writing down every association regarding the subject in order to gain focus by subordinating the list of what I wrote into parts that would form the essay. This led me to cubing technique, which helped me to organize my thoughts and gain perspective that would most likely yield right ideas concerning essay topic. In my application for cubing technique, I attempted to describe, compare, associate, analyze and argue for and against the essay topic. I combined cubing technique with classical invention technique to ensure that I give detailed descriptions in my essay definitions, comparisons, relationships, circumstances and testimonies. Combining these three strategies for my prewriting effectively ensured that the essay addressed all relevant area s of essay topic because what was not clear using brainstorming strategy was addressed by cubing and classical invention techniques, which have provisions for more detailed information. I realized that applying different pre-writing techniques is the key to good essay because one technique provides for what is missing in the other one. For example, using brainstorming technique alone gave me many ideas on the subject, which I organized using Cubin and classical invention techniques. These techniques proved effective and I would consider using them for my next essay. My purpose for writing this essay was to prove to the audience that time has come for educators to change from traditional classroom teaching and learning approaches to disruptive innovative teaching strategies outside classroom that are more exciting to learners and teachers. My audience for the essay was learners and educators. I wanted the audience to know that students who travel to different parts of the world develop better social skills, are less rigid. They are more accommodative, have better problem solving skills and end up being better decision makers than the ones who do not. I wanted the audience to understand that learning should not be confined within classrooms but it should be innovative enough to build learners reasoning, social and cognitive skills. I wanted to completely capture the attention of the audience and get them into thinking about international travel learning and international conferences as disruptive innovative multicultural learning techniques that w ould equip learners with firsthand experience on different cultures. I wanted to move the audience into thinking of their next international travel learning destination by the time they are through with reading the essay. In previewing my peerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s essay, I looked for main ideas conveyed in the essay, clarity of the ideas and how the ideas have been expressed and coordinated to flow and capture the attention of the targeted audience. I also looked at how convincing and practical my peerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideas were to the targeted audience. I learned that essays that are not well organized lack flow of information being conveyed and discourage the audience from reading further. I discovered the great need to organize an essay and bring out flow of ideas right from introduction to conclusion in order to establish a direct connection between the essay and the audience. This captures interest of the audience and motivates them to keep reading. I therefore felt that I should apply the same technique as applied in my peer reviewed article and improve on my articleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clarity of ideas. In revising my essay, I started by revisiting my objective for writing the article in order to get a clear picture of the message that I wanted to convey to my audience. I then started reading my article as I critiqued it with an aim of establishing areas of improvement. I realized that my ideas needed to flow smoothly from one idea to another. The main revision involved linking up ideas to make my essay flow and keep the audienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest captured throughout their reading. I revised the essay to ensure that it meets its objectives in conveying required message to audience and to establish a strong connection between my targeted audience and ideas being conveyed as this would make the audience to think along my school of thought. The revised draft was far much better than the original draft, with an excellent flow of ideas. I learned that revising an essay is important because it eliminates grammatical errors and brings out coordinated flow of ideas that keep the a udience motivated to continue reading. The strongest aspect of my essay was the clear convincing ideas that supported my essay objective and kept the audience motivated to read. Furthermore, there was an excellent flow of ideas in my essay that were well coordinated to make the audience evaluate themselves in my school of thought as conveyed by the essay. The weakest aspect of my essay was getting ideas to flow as most of my ideas were initially mixed up. However, this was addressed through revision of the essay. The writing challenges that I frequently ran into while writing this essay was getting the right words to explain ideas and capture the attention of audience. To address this challenge, I wrote one sentence at a time and read it to see if it clearly conveys required message before going to the next sentence. This was however time consuming although it gave my essay the right words and coordination to capture the attention of audience. For the next assignment I prefer to start by reviewing a peer article before I embark on mine as critiquing the peer article will make me write a better essay.

Wasteful :: essays research papers

Wasteful Repetition 12 years of our lives are spent learning the basics, 12 years. Yet, after those twelve years of near continuos education, colleges require us to relearn what we already know, knowledge that may be irrelevant to our chosen major. Core Curriulumn is a waste of time and money. Each year for twelve years we wake up on a day around August in order to attend required schooling. We learn english, mathematics, sciences, health, and history. School becomes our lives, almost a career that lasts approximately 120 months. For those 120 months we are taught the same subjects, not a year goes by that we were not required to take an English, Math, Science, and History courses. After successfully completing our â€Å"lower learning† studies and recieving our much awaited diplomas almost two thirds of us go on to college.1 Upon arrival at these institutions of higher learning we come to realize that our â€Å"Basic† learning is not over and we must extend our knowledge of said material before we can move on to things that more directly concern our majors. Colleges are asking us, rather, telling us to relearn the knowledge we, for the most part, already pocess. There are several things we lose when we agree to, or rather are required to retake the basics in college. Most likely foremost of what we lose,in students minds ,espeacially in todays society, is money. We spend outrageous sums of money to attend college for 4 years, individually the cost of tuition possibly ranges between 50,000 to 100,000.As a whole the nation spends in excess of $175 billion each year.2 Money wasted on learning the same material we were educated in for 12 years of our lives. Money that many of us do not have and if we are not fortunate enough to recieve a scholarship or any type, we must look towards students loans. By definition a loan is something that is lent on condition of being returned.3 Zachary Karabell,author of the book What’s College For?, wrote that: In the 1990’s alone, the average debt burden for a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  college student grew from 8,200 to 18,800. Given that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  these students, once they graduate, tend to earn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  between $20,000 and $30,000 a year, those debts are   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heavy, and some schools have begun efforts to limit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  borrowing by students. In addition to loans,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  three-quarters of all students work part time during   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the school yea, and more than 15 percent work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  full-time.* For their money, for their investment, for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the hours they work in order to pay for their classes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  these students expect to be taught something they don’t   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  already know. They expect to learn. And at the end,